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Getting used to subordinate clauses takes more time, but eventually your words go to the right place. It will seem perfectly natural that the verb is in the second position, and that the other verbs are at the end. But you see how that might work.ĩ) If you speak enough, your verbs start going to the right places. Then you get to your verb, which gives all of the words in the sentence meaning, resulting in a crescendo of emotion and understanding. "Time, Manner, Place" is more a suggestion than a commandment, and most German textbooks tell you to learn the schema laid out above, but then to speak and write your sentences with items in ascending order of importance. think ABBA, but with D's instead of B's.Ħ) The first position is usually your subject, but can also draw attention to something you want to discuss.ħ) As will be explained below, prepositional phrases and adverbs follow the "Time, Manner, Place" format.Ĩ) Beyond reducing/eliminating ambiguity, you actually do have a fair amount of freedom. ADDA describes, first, the pronouns (Accusative, then Dative), and then the nouns (Dative, then Accusative). It doesn't happen very often, though.ĥ) The second one is "ADDA" (i.e., NOT DAAD, the Deutsche Akademische Austausch Dienst). even if it feels weird to put both your accusative and dative objects before your subject (a noun), you must get used to it. You get a lot better at this as time goes on.Ĥ) Two good mnemonics. Many other sentence elements are, however, only one word.

For example, you must not split something like, "mit einem Buch", for that is a prepositional phrase, i.e., one and only one sentence element. Before fleshing out the topic, here are some rules, conventions, and words of advice:ġ) In terms of being placed in proper syntax, the pronouns are the most important, for they are the ones most liable to ambiguity ("sie" = which person, what part of speech, which case? Put it in its correct position).Ģ) It is not possible for a sentence to include all of the listed items, but it is still good to be able to reproduce that schema from memory.ģ) You must be able to recognize an element of a sentence. One has considerable latitude in the way one constructs one's sentence. However, German syntax is not written in stone. This is the officially-sanctioned syntax of a main clause. This position is also used for comparisons. This happens to both native-speakers and those learning the language. The stuff you forgot to say, or that you just thought of after saying your verb. "Ich habe (1) seit dem Unfall nicht arbeiten (3) können (2)." "I have (1) not been able (2) to work (3) since the accident." The third verb will be immediately before that. The second verb will be on the outside of the verb-phrase, at the end of the German sentence. Translating a hypothetical English sentence with three verbs into German, the first English verb - the conjugated verb - would be in the second position in the German sentence. Used with modal-like verbs (sehen, hören, helfen, lassen) "Ich höre dich atmen."Įxtended verb phrases: three verbs in sentence Past Participles (conjugated verb should be either "haben" od. See section on negation for proper treatment of this topic The first position is often used for the subject (Nominative), however.Įxpressions of time, especially short temporal adverbs, are often placed here. You shouldn't do that until you know what you are doing. Sometimes people will even put a past participle or some other verb in the first position. Word-Order in the Main Clause First Position Nonetheless, there are conventions to follow, especially ones that reduce the ambiguity of pronouns.

German allows a considerable amount of syntactical freedom as parts of speech are indicated through case, rather than syntax. Here is the ultimate syntax guide for a main clause. 6 Dependent Clauses: Subordinate and Relative Clauses.4 Syntax of Interrogatives and Imperatives.3.2 Order of Phrases in the Middle of the clause - Reihenfolge der Satzglieder im Mittelfeld.3 Order of phrases - Reihenfolge der Satzglieder.2.3 Clauses with three verb parts - Sätze mit drei Verbteilen.2.2 Clauses with two verb parts - Sätze mit zwei Verbteilen.2.1 Clauses with one verb part - Sätze mit nur einem Verbteil.